ABSTRACT
La COV ID-19 no solo ha afectado la salud de la población, sino también ha deteriorado las economías y las industrias de los países, una de ellas y la más afectada es, sin duda, el turismo. El impacto de la COV ID-19 en la industria turística boliviana alertó que se perderían cerca de 3.020 millones de bolivianos en la gestión de 2020. Los principales mercados de turismo receptivo de Bolivia disminuyeron drásticamente sus viajes y el impacto derivado de la ausencia de turismo provocó que más de 140.000 personas perdieran su fuente de empleo. Pero, sin duda, el microempresario de turismo fue quien recibió el mayor impacto, ya que cerca del 50 % de las unidades productivas cerraron operaciones en los meses siguientes al inicio de la pandemia. Sin embargo, los empresarios bolivianos vieron en la paralización una oportunidad para pensar y reinventarse a partir de la migración al mundo informático.Alternate :Covid-19 has not only affected the health of the population but has also deteriorated the economies and industries of the countries;one of them, which is the most affected, is undoubtedly tourism. The impact of the Covid-19 on the Bolivian tourism industry warned that about 3,020 million BOB $ would be lost in 2020. The main receptive inbound markets in Bolivia drastically decreased their trips and the impact derived from the absence of tourism caused more than 140 thousand people to lose their job source. Undoubtedly, the tourism micro entrepreneur was the one who received the greatest impact, since nearly 50% of the productive units closed operations in the months following the start of the pandemic. However, Bolivian entrepreneurs saw in this interruption an opportunity to think and reinvent themselves by migrating to the computer world.
ABSTRACT
Importance: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have high rates of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the efficacy of colchicine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Estudios Clínicos Latino América (ECLA) Population Health Research Institute (PHRI) COLCOVID trial was a multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial performed from April 17, 2020, to March 28, 2021, in adults with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection followed for up to 28 days. Participants received colchicine vs usual care if they were hospitalized with COVID-19 symptoms and had severe acute respiratory syndrome or oxygen desaturation. The main exclusion criteria were clear indications or contraindications for colchicine, chronic kidney disease, and negative results on a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 before randomization. Data were analyzed from June 20 to July 25, 2021. Interventions: Patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to usual care or usual care plus colchicine. Colchicine was administered orally in a loading dose of 1.5 mg immediately after randomization, followed by 0.5 mg orally within 2 hours of the initial dose and 0.5 mg orally twice a day for 14 days or discharge, whichever occurred first. Main Outcomes and Measures: The first coprimary outcome was the composite of a new requirement for mechanical ventilation or death evaluated at 28 days. The second coprimary outcome was death at 28 days. Results: A total of 1279 hospitalized patients (mean [SD] age, 61.8 [14.6] years; 449 [35.1%] women and 830 [64.9%] men) were randomized, including 639 patients in the usual care group and 640 patients in the colchicine group. Corticosteroids were used in 1171 patients (91.5%). The coprimary outcome of mechanical ventilation or 28-day death occurred in 160 patients (25.0%) in the colchicine group and 184 patients (28.8%) in the usual care group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67-1.02; P = .08). The second coprimary outcome, 28-day death, occurred in 131 patients (20.5%) in the colchicine group and 142 patients (22.2%) in the usual care group (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.70-1.12). Diarrhea was the most frequent adverse effect of colchicine, reported in 68 patients (11.3%). Conclusions and Relevance: This randomized clinical trial found that compared with usual care, colchicine did not significantly reduce mechanical ventilation or 28-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04328480.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , COVID-19/therapy , Colchicine/therapeutic use , Hospitalization , Intubation, Intratracheal , Respiration, Artificial , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects , COVID-19/mortality , COVID-19/pathology , Colchicine/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Inflammation/drug therapy , Inflammation/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , SARS-CoV-2 , Standard of CareABSTRACT
Por otra parte, si para algunos museos antes de la pandemia era ya urgente una implicación orgánica con los contextos donde están emplazados, esta crisis fue la posibilidad de llevar a la acción sus posturas de responsabilidad social y democratización de la cultura a través de la conexión con su entorno. Liderada por Ana Longoni desde el área de Actividades Públicas del MNCARS, la red MS ha buscado articular las demandas sociales del barrio por el derecho igualitario a habitar la ciudad, asumiendo la compleja paradoja de ser también un agente gentrificador. Madrid es la segunda ciudad que recibe más inmigrantes al año en España y gracias a ello Lavapiés es uno de los barrios de mayor diversidad cultural del país. La ausencia de mujeres temporeras en el panel se debió en parte al rechazo de sus familias y el escarnio público al que son sometidas cuando toman acciones legales;a ello se añade su situación de alta vulnerabilidad al encontrarse solas en un país extraño, sin hablar español, haciendo frente a procesos legales en contra de las empresas contratistas.